123: sēmen sēminis, n - seed praetinctus praetincta praetinctum, m, f, n - moistened before venēnum venēnī, n - poison, potion 124: Dēns dentis, m - teeth In order to obtain the Golden Fleece, Jason had to complete three tasks. “Dentes” here refers to dragon teeth, which were a part of the second task. When planted in the ground, the dragon teeth become an army of Spartoi, which Jason will have to defeat. 125: sūmō sūmeresūmpsīsūmptum - to take up, seize, obtain alvus alvī, f womb Ovid compares the formation of the Spartoi in the ground with the growth of a child within their mother’s womb. What poetic device is this, pictured in lines 125-129? 126: intus, adv - within, inside 128: viscus visceris, n - organ, entrails 130: mīrus mīramīrum, m, f, n - wonderful, amazing 131: praeacūtus praeacūtapraeacūtum, m, f, n - sharpened, pointed cuspis cuspidis, f - point 132: Haemonia is another name for a region called Thessaly. Jason was from Thessaly, thus, he is described as the Haemonian hero. 133: “Demisere”, though it initially looks to be an infinitive, is actually a syncopated perfect verb. Therefore, it should be translated as “[they] fell”. 134: Though never explicitly stated, “ipsa” refers to Medea. Medea, a sorceress who fell in love with Jason, agrees to help him in his mission to obtain the Golden Fleece. Here, we can see Medea’s anxiety, as she is afraid that her plan to defeat the Spartoi will fail and Jason will die. extimēscō extimēscereextimuī - to greatly fear, dread 137: parum, adv - little carmen carminis, n - spell, song, prayer 138: sēcrētus sēcrēta sēcrētum, m, f, n - hidden, distinguished, secret 139: Notice the hyperbaton, in which the rock “silicem”, is between the words “medios” and “hostes”, emphasizing the fact that the rock was thrown into the middle of the Spartoi. silex silicis, m, f - pebble, rock Having been instructed by Medea, Jason throws a rock into the crowd of Spartoi. The Spartoi, not being the most intelligent of creatures, believe that one of their own threw the rock, throwing them into confusion, causing them to fight one another. 140: dēpulsus dēpulsadēpulsum, m, f, n - removed, expelled “Martem” is an antonomasia, meaning it is a name that represents something else. Here, “Martem”, instead of referring to Mars, the God, refers to what he represents (war). Translate as “attack”. Compare the meter in this line to that of the previous line. Notice how the majority of this line is spondees, which contrasts with the previous line, which is mainly dactyls. This juxtaposition of meter emphasizes the fact that after Jason threw the rock into the crowd of Spartoi, their attack was no longer aimed at him, but rather at themselves. 141: Terrigena terrigenae, m, f - earthborn 142: aciēs aciēī, f - battle line, battle, war Grātor grātāri grātus sum - rejoice, express gratitude 144: barbara barbarae, f - barbarian, savage, foreign Here, Ovid describes Medea as barbarous, which may be because she was a sorceress from the foreign land Colchis. It also could be used to foreshadow an event that comes later in the story, where she kills Jason's children after he leaves her for another woman. 146: reverentia reverentiae, f - timidity, shyness (due to respect) Ovid is emphasizing Medea’s wish to remain modest by using the word “reverentia” which translates into English as “shyness”. However, here translate as “concern”. 147: affectus affectūs, m - affection, compassion tacitus tacitatacitum, m, f, n - done in silence, without words laetō laetārelaetāvīlaetātum- to cause to rejoice 148: auctor auctōris, m - seller, God, creator 149: sōpiō sōpīresōpīvīsōpītum- to lull to sleep 152: Lēthaeus LēthaeaLēthaeum, m, f, n - the underworld, Lethe The river Lethe runs through the underworld. When the dead spirits would drink from this river, they would forget their past life and memories. Thus, the word Lethe is associated with sleep and lost memories, and here it modifies “gramine” with “suci”, meaning “the herb of Lethean juice”. 155: It is unclear in the manuscripts whether the word “sibi” or “ubi” is written. I chose to use the word “ubi”, which translates as “when”. I believe this is the more logical choice because only when the dragon’s eyes close can Jason claim his prize: the Golden Fleece. ignōtus ignōtaignōtum, m, f, n - ignorant of, alien, unknowing Ovid describes the dragon’s eyes as “ignorant”. This is because the dragon is always awake guarding the tree (meaning his eyes never close), so his eyes are unknowing of what sleep is. 156: spolium spoliī, n - spoil, hide, booty 157: mūnus mūneris, n - gift, prize 158: Jason was from the city Iolcos. He was the rightful heir to the throne, but had it usurped by his step-uncle Pelias. To win the throne back, Jason had to win the golden fleece. Thus, it makes sense that Jason would return to Iolcos with his two new prizes (his wife and the fleece).